ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT PHYSCIAL THERAPY

Physical therapy is a branch of medical sciences in which different diseases and conditions are treated by conservative methods e.g physical agents, chemotherapy, heat, exercise or few medicines such as NSAIDS.
Physical therapy is a healthcare profession. This field is comprised of highly professional practitioners that complete their qualification of 5 year degree of DPT (DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY) after passing FSC in very good grades.
After completion of their DPT ,they further study for specialization in the area of their interest for example master of science in pediatric physical therapy, sports physical therapy, women health physical therapy, neuromuscular physical therapy or orthopedic physical therapy. This field is now wide in different domains.
Some specialized branches are discussed below:
SPORTS PHYSICAL TRHERAPY:
Sports physical therapy is a field in which athletes or players get their treatment or complete rehabilitation programme after they get injured in ground while practice. Most important and common injuries include  ACL ligament tear , sprain, strain, ankle problems, muscular pain, spasm or cramps. Sometime sudden painful conditions in athletes need to be treated during match so this domain is considered highly important.
ORTHOPEDIC MANUAL PHYSICAL THERAPY:
Orthopedic manual physical therapy is a specialized field in which mostly general people with any musculoskeletal injuries or painful conditions come for treatment.knee pain, back pain ,cervical,any lower or upper extremity conditions are being treated in this field.
PEADIATRICS PHYSICAL THERAPY:
Pediatric physical therapy is a very specialized field in which physical therapist deals with children or the diseases associated with special children. For example cerebral palsy, spina bifida, ducchene muscular dystrophy, club foot, charcot Marie tooth disease or several other congenital conditions. Paediatrics physical therapist mostly work in special children institutes.
WOMEN HEALTH PHYSICAL THERAPY:
A women’s health physical therapist get their  training done to evaluate certain women conditions and treat all the conditions specific to women. These may include:
    gynecological and post-partum
    Issues during menopause or painful end of menstrual cycles.
    Pain during sexual activity or intercourse.
    Pain lifting a child or holding even slight weight.
    Incontinence or “leaking” or urinary incontinence.
NEUROMUSCULAR PHYSICAL THERAPY:
Neuromuscular physical therapy is the detection, assessment, evaluation  and correction of the pain and ailments linked with neuromuscular diseases and injuries through the application of physical therapies, exercise , modalities,rehab programme, bobath techniques and assistive devices.
ELECTROTHERAPY:
Electrotherapy is a part of physical therapy that is used electric current to heal wounds fast.  Electrotherapy have different modalities that are  
TENS
SHORTWAVE DIATHERMY
ULTRASOUND
HEAT PACKS
INFRRED LIGHTS.
Trans cutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
A trans cutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit is a battery-operated device that practitioners use to treat some painful conditions or some other dysfunctions. TENS apparatus work by delivering small vibrations through electrodes or have adhesive pads that are attached with them to a person’s skin superficially.
Ultrasound Physical Therapy:
The ultrasound apparatus in physical therapy works by sending an electric current or impulse through crystals found in the therapeutic ultrasound probe. This is also known as the sonic therapy. The probe vibrates, causing waves to travel through the skin to the body deeply. The waves transfer energy from skin to tissues to stimulate the desired effects. Ultrasound can work on tissues deep at confined part within patients body without having effects on other tissues lying close to the surface.
CONDITIONS TREATED BY PHYSICAL THERAPY:
Several important conditions that are treated by physiotherapy are enlisted below.
Cerebral palsy
    Cerebral palsy
    Cp spastic
    Cp athetoid
    Ataxia
    Foot drop
    Wrist drop
    Carpal tunnel syndrome
     Club foot
    Back pain
    Facial palsy
    Bells palsy
    Neck pain
     Spinal cord problems
    Knee joint pain
    Osteoarthritis
    Genu valgum
    Genu varum
    Scoliosis
    Muscular dystrophy
    Leukodystrophy
    Delayed milestone
    Fingers deformity
    Herniated disc
    Spondylosis
    Erbs palsy
    Hemiplegia
    Stroke
    Leg pain.
TREATMENT PROTOCOLS:
Several treatment protocols in physical therapy includes stretching, exercises, techniques, mannual muscle grading, assisted exercises, resistance exercises , mobilization and manipulations are there. Some important treatment protocols are described below.
STRETCHING:
 
Stretching is highly important treatment protocol that is considered in department of physical therapy everywhere . it of course has an obvious part to play in the safety of soft tissues after any load or strain that cause discomfort or any painful condition.  either at work or in sport. stretching is used to improve or enhance recovery of the muscular system after excessive exercise, , to treat over strained or tight muscles for relaxation.it improve range of movement and mobility. Stretching also help in getting relief from pain e.g low back pain. After stretching the muscle recoil and the tightness decrease ultimately patient feel much better.
After exercise or a hectic day a person is recommended to do some stretching to feel relax and comfortable. It will help making a person calm and easy.
WHAT IS JOINT MOBILIZATION IN PHYSICAL THERAPY?
Joint mobilization is an important and very conceptual or you can say a tricky physical therapy technique emphasize to restore or normalize joint function. It can help in reducing pain and improve range of motion ROM of the joint. The amount and kind of force a practitioner should apply to the joint vary from person to person, and also it depend on the injury or musculoskeletal pain,its intensity or condition that is being treated. Joint mobilization can not be done buy everyone. Usually highly professional or expert physical therapist or chiropractor can do this. So whenever you get yourself treated by the ways of mobilization, take proper care of yourself. Same goes for manipulation too.
PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION:
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is a unique and dynamic form of flexibility training, which involves  stretching and contracting of the muscle group being targeted altogether.. PNF STRETCHING HAS VARIOUS TYPES AND ITS PATTERNS.there are different principles of PNF stretching. PNF stretching is one of the most effective and therapeutic forms of stretching for improving elasticity, flexibility and increasing range of motion for a joint. Muscle relaxations can also be achieved through it.
Its main techniques types include
Hold relax technique and Contract relax while there are many other techniques as well.
So this article was all about the basic information about physical therapy that people should be aware of before going for any treatment. Many important and most common disease that is being treated by physical therapy are discussed in this article .a person should have all the basic knowledge about the treatment he is seeking.